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Action Theatre: Russian Ground Forces
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1994-10-20
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The basic BTR-152 is a large vehicle that can carry half a platoon of infantry
soldiers. The vehicle is also used to carry or tow heavy weapons. The sim-
ple, all-welded steel box body has a truck-type windshield for the driver and
commander. The gearbox has the standard one reverse and five forward
gears. A single 12.7mm or 14.5mm gun is mounted on the cab roof. Another
machine gun is mounted on the hull sides. Basically an armored truck, the
BTR-152 lacks amphibious capability.
The BTR-50 was the first full-tracked Soviet APC. The BTR-50 uses the PT-
76's chassis, suspension, engine, power train and water propulsion, with a
variety of troop compartments welded to the hull. The driver, seated in the
center of the hull front, has a one-piece hatch cover incoporating a vision
block and three periscopes. Anti-tank guns and recoiless rifles could be
mounted in the troop compartment and could fire on the move. Throughout
the years, there have been many upgraded versions of the BTR-50. These
vehicles have been replaced by modified BMPs and ACRV-2s.
The BTR-60 is the most important APC in the Russian Army. Each motorized
rifle division has two regiments equipped with BTR-60s and one equipped
with BMPs. The BTR-60s will fight the mobile battles of encounter, or make
the breakthrough attacks, before the exploitation forces are committed. While
it is an old design and technically unsophisticated, the BTR-60 is still an im-
portant weapons system.
All versions of the BTR-60 feature a long, boat-shaped welded steel hull. All
eight wheels are powered by two six-cylinder, rear-mounted engines. The
front four wheels are used for steering. Suspension is by torsion bar, and
the steering wheels have two hydraulic shock-absorbers each; the other
wheels have one each. The manual transmission has one reverse and four
forward speeds and a two-speed transfer case. The driver and commander
each has his own side door and roof hatch, with periscopes rather than vi-
sion blocks.
The BTR-60 has good amphibious characteristics and is the standard landing
craft of the Naval Infantry. In the water, the BTR-60 is powered by a single
hydrojet. A bilge pump is fitted to the BTR and a trim vane under the nose
gives stability while swimming. While the BTR-60 is suitable for river cross-
ings as long as the bank exit gradient does not exceed ten degrees, it is in-
adequate for amphibious assaults.